Wind
Wind
Use the Wind tool to quickly add design code based wind load to different structures. Wind load tool has four sub-tools: Diaphragm load, Shear wall load, Regular building and Generic building.
Diaphragm load
Use the Diaphragm load tool from the Wind load drop down list to add wind load as force and moment to existing diaphragms in the model. You add the load by manually entering the force and moment values and coordinates for each diaphragm.
When you select the Diaphragm load tool, a new dialogue window opens.
- Load cases - see the list of wind diaphragm load cases added and select load case for editing
- Load case name - below the list is a name field for renaming the currently selected load case
- Add - add a new load case
- Rename - click to rename the currently selected load case after you enter a new name in the load case name field
- Delete - delete the currently selected load case
- Storey - see the list of Storeys in the model
- Diaphragm - see the id of the diaphragm
- x - insert or change the global X coordinate of the wind diaphragm load
- y - insert or change the global Y coordinate of the wind diaphragm load
- Fx - insert or change the wind diaphragm load Fx value
- Fy - insert or change the wind diaphragm load Fy value
- Mz - insert or change the wind diaphragm load Mz value
Shear wall load
Use the Shear wall load tool from the Wind load drop down list to add wind load as force to existing walls that are defined as shear walls. It is based on Danish design approach.
When you select the Shear wall load tool, a new tool palette window opens.
| Tools on the tool palette | |
|---|---|
 | Use Define tool to define existing walls as shear walls for this wind load tool. |
 | Use Properties tool to check properties of existing shear walls. This will open the Default settings dialogue for the selected wall(s). |
 | Use Generate tool to open another dialogue window, where you can select which loads to apply (read below in more detail). |
 | Use Default settings tool to change some settings (read below in more detail). |
Generate dialogue
When you select the Generate tool, a new dialogue window opens.
On the left hand side, you can see all the Storeys in the model with parameters for each one.
- Storey - see the list Storeys in the model
- Fx'+ - resultant horizontal force along the wall (local x′ direction) at the top (+) edge - Shear flow or axial resultant along the wall length
- x'p+ - x′-coordinate of the application point (centre of pressure) for Fx′ at the top edge - Where the resultant acts along the wall length
- Fy'+ - resultant horizontal force normal to the wall plane (local y′ direction) at the top (+) edge - Out-of-plane shear or lateral thrust
- y'p+ - y′-coordinate of the application point (centre of pressure) for Fy′ at the top edge - Where the resultant acts along the wall length
- Fx'- - resultant horizontal force along the wall (local x′ direction) at the bottom (−) edge - Shear flow or axial resultant along the wall length
- x'p- - x′-coordinate of the application point (centre of pressure) for Fx′ at the bottom edge - Where the resultant acts along the wall length
- Fy'- - resultant horizontal force normal to the wall plane (local y′ direction) at the bottom (−) edge - Out-of-plane shear or lateral thrust
- y'p- - y′-coordinate of the application point (centre of pressure) for Fy′ at the bottom edge - Where the resultant acts along the wall length
On the right hand side, you can see a list of all the shear walls with their corresponding parameters for the selected Storey.
- Wall - see the structural ID of the wall
- α,1 - load distribution coefficient for the top edge
- α,2 - load distribution coefficient for the bottom edge
- α - ratio between top and bottom force resultants or the resultant shape coefficient of the wall
- β - angle of the resultant wall load or the load inclination factor
In the bottom of the right hand side, you can select which load directions you would like to generate for all shear walls.
| Description | |
|---|---|
 | Use the Wind load in X- direction and Wind load in X+ direction buttons to toggle which loads in wind load X direction you want to generate. You can select one, both or none. |
 | Use the Wind load in Y- direction and Wind load in Y+ direction buttons to toggle which loads in wind load Y direction you want to generate. You can select one, both or none. |
 | Use Create directional relations in the resulting load group option to choose if the load groups, that are generated from these wind loads, have directional relationship or not. |
To read about directional relationship in load groups see the topic
User interface ➔ Tab menus ➔ Loads ➔ Panel Load case, combination, group and construction stage ➔ Load groups
Default settings
The Default settings tool opens a new dialogue window.
- Exponent - non-linearity of the load distribution along the wall height. (=1.0 linear distribution – triangular; > 1.0 curved distribution)
- α,2 - default bottom coefficient for load transfer when wall end resultants aren’t calculated individually
Regular building
Use the Regular building tool from the Wind load drop down list to add wind load as force to existing plates in a model with Storeys.
When you select the Regular building tool, a new dialogue window opens.
Main wind load settings
In the top of the left hand side, you can see parameters for wind speed and type.
- Wind speed - set the wind speed according to design code
- Building height - set the wind speed according to design code
- Terrain type - set the wind speed according to design code [G1]EN 1991-1-4:2005 4.3
- Rotation of X direction from the North - set the rotation of the x-direction compared to the north-direction according to [G1]EN 1991-1-4:2005 4.3
Design code settings
Based on the chosen design code for the model, there might be additional settings below the Terrain type selection.
-
Belgian code
- Region - select one of the regions from Zone 1 to Zone 4
- Show map -> - opens a new pop-up window with the map where the zones are displayed
-
British code
- Show map -> - opens a new pop-up window with the map where the fundamental basic wind velocities are displayed
- Altitude - change the altitude of the model
- Distance upwind to shoreline - change the distance to shoreline
- Distance inside town terrain - change the distance inside town
- h-dis - distance that peak velocity may be raise within urban areas, according to [G1]EN 1991-1-4 A.5
-
Danish code
- Site is in Bornholm or Christansø - select if the site is on one of these islands
-
Dutch code
- Region - select one of the regions from Zone I to Zone III
-
German code
- Region - select one of the regions from WZ 1 to WZ 4
- Show map -> - opens a new pop-up window with the map where the zones are displayed
- Altitude - change the altitude of the model
-
Latvian code
- Region - select one of the regions from the 3 values
-
Norwegian code
- Altitude - change the altitude of the model
- Region - select one of the regions from Area 1 to Area 3
-
Polish code
- Region - select one of the regions from Zone 1 to Zone 3
- Wind sector for X direction - define the direction according to [G1]PN-EN 1991-1-4:2008/NA:2010 NA.2.4
- Altitude - change the altitude of the model
-
Romanian code
- Altitude - change the altitude of the model
- Region - select one of the regions from qb=0.4 to qb=0.7
- Show map -> - opens a new pop-up window with the map where the reference values of the dynamic wind pressure are displayed
-
Spanish code
- Region - select one of the regions from Zone A to Zone C
- Show map -> - opens a new pop-up window with the map where the zones are displayed
Additional settings for the load
In the middle of the left hand side, you can set some additional parameters for the generated loads.
- Create directional relations in the resulting load group - select this option to choose if the load groups, that are generated from these wind loads, have directional relationship or not.
- Apply wind load directly on shear walls - select this option to apply wind load to the shear walls, which are defined with the previously described wind load tool Shear wall load
To read about directional relationship in load groups see the topic
User interface ➔ Tab menus ➔ Loads ➔ Panel Load case, combination, group and construction stage ➔ Load groups
Wind load directions
In the bottom of the left hand side, you can select which load directions you would like to generate for all plates.
| Description | |
|---|---|
| Use the Wind load in X- direction and Wind load in X+ direction buttons to toggle which loads in wind load X direction you want to generate. You can select one, both or none. |
| Use the Wind load in Y- direction and Wind load in Y+ direction buttons to toggle which loads in wind load Y direction you want to generate. You can select one, both or none. |
Wind load values
On the right hand side, there is a table where you can see all the load force values that are generated from the settings.
- Storey - see the list Storeys in the model
- Level - see the level of the Storey
- X+ - see the force value for wind load in X+ direction
- Y+ - see the force value for wind load in Y+ direction
- X- - see the force value for wind load in X- direction
- Y- - see the force value for wind load in Y- direction
Generic building
Use the Generic building tool from the Wind load drop down list to add wind load as force to existing Climate panels.
When you select the Generic building tool, a new tool palette window opens.
| Tools on the tool palette | |
|---|---|
| Use Properties tool to check properties of existing Climate panels. Based on the selected panel type (External wall, Flat roof, Lean-to or Ridge roof), a new dialogue window is displayed, where you can set the wind settings for that type of Climate panel. |
| Use Generate tool to open another dialogue window, where you can select settings for the wind loads generation (read below in more detail). |
 | Use External wall tool to check the properties of External wall type Climate panels. |
 | Use Flat roof tool to check the properties of Flat roof type Climate panels. |
 | Use Lean-to tool to check the properties of Lean-to type Climate panels. |
 | Use Ridge roof tool to check the properties of Ridge roof type Climate panels. |
Generate dialogue
When you select the Generate tool on the Generic building tool palette, a new dialogue window opens.
This dialogue is similar to the Regular building tool, but without the wind load directions and the storey-based wind load values.
For descriptions of the parameters like wind speed, terrain type, design code settings and additional settings read the topic above about the Regular building.